The fossil bone has a ${}^{14}C:{}^{12}C$ ratio,which is $\frac{1}{16}$ of that in a living animal bone. If the half-life of ${}^{14}C$ is $5730 \, years$,then the age of the fossil bone is .......... $years$.

Two radioactive materials $X_1$ and $X_2$ have decay constants $10 \lambda$ and $\lambda$ respectively. If initially they have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio of the number of nuclei of $X_1$ to that of $X_2$ will be $1 / e$ after a time:

$A$ radioactive element has a rate of disintegration of $8000$ disintegrations per minute at a particular instant. After $4$ minutes,it becomes $2000$ disintegrations per minute. The decay constant per minute is: (in $log _e 2$)

The activity of a freshly prepared radioactive sample is $10^{10}$ disintegrations per second,whose mean life is $10^9 \ s$. The mass of an atom of this radioisotope is $10^{-25} \ kg$. The mass (in $mg$) of the radioactive sample is

Activity of a radioactive substance is $R_1$ at time $t_1$ and $R_2$ at time $t_2$ $(t_2 > t_1)$. Then the ratio $\frac{R_2}{R_1}$ is:

Radioactive nuclei $P$ and $Q$ disintegrate into $R$ with half-lives $1$ month and $2$ months respectively. At time $t=0$,the number of nuclei of each $P$ and $Q$ is $x$. At the time when the rates of disintegration of $P$ and $Q$ are equal,the number of nuclei of $R$ is ........ $x$.